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Polymerase chain reaction PCR is a common laboratory technique used in research and clinical practices to amplify, or copy, small segments of genetic material. Short sequences called primers are used to selectively amplify a specific DNA sequence. PCR was invented in the s and is now used in a variety of ways, including DNA fingerprinting, diagnosing genetic disorders and detecting bacteria or viruses.

Because molecular and genetic analyses require significant amounts of a DNA sample, it is nearly impossible for researchers to study isolated pieces of genetic material without PCR amplification.

This method adds fluorescent dyes to the PCR process to measure the amount of genetic material in a sample. The testing process begins when healthcare workers collect samples using a nasal swab or saliva tube. The two DNA template strands are then separated. Primers attach to the end of these strands.

After the primers attach, new complementary strands of DNA extend along the template strand. As this occurs, fluorescent dyes attach to the DNA, providing a marker of successful duplication. At the end of the process, two identical copies of viral DNA are created. This means the sample is from an infected individual. The primers only amplify genetic material from the virus, so it is unlikely a sample will be positive if viral RNA is not present.

If it does, it is called a false positive. A negative result happens when the SARS-CoV-2 primers do not match the genetic material in the sample and there is no amplification. This means the sample did not contain any virus. A false negative result happens when a person is infected, but there is not enough viral genetic material in the sample for the PCR test to detect it.

This can happen early after a person is exposed. Overall, false negative results are much more likely than false positive results. Fact Sheet. This allows many copies of that material to be made, which can be used to detect whether or not the virus is present. A negative result could either mean that the sample did not contain any virus or that there is too little viral genetic material in the sample to be detected.

What is PCR? Companion Fact Sheets. Last updated: January 18,

   

 

How long covid pcr test results.COVID-19 Testing: What You Need to Know

  You should always take a PCR test when showing symptoms of COVID, If you have tested positive for COVID, you must self-isolate as soon as possible. The PCR test results accuracy; What the test results can and cannot tell us. The information on this page is included in the. How long does it take to get results? For a PCR test, usually take 24 to 72 hours to get your result. For a Rapid Antigen test, you will get your result after.  

- PCR testing | SA Health

 

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